Toxoplasmic Encephalitis and Hyper-IgM Syndrome

A delayed diagnosis of X-linked hyper IgM syndrome complicated with toxoplasmic encephalitis in a child

INTRODUCTION The X-linked hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome (XHIGM) is an uncommon primary combined immunodeficiency disease caused by CD40L gene mutations. A delayed or missed diagnosis of XHIGM is common and concerning, owing to atypical immunoglobulin profile and phenotype of some patients, low recognition, and limited knowledge of clinicians on XHIGM in some underdeveloped areas. Opportunisti...

Toxoplasmic Encephalitis

Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in Patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

An epidemic of cases of toxoplasmic encephalitis is occurring in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Serological or histopathologic studies were performed on 70 cases with AIDS and toxoplasmic encephalitis. In many cases conventional stains of brain-tissue specimens failed to disclose Toxoplasma organisms; all were positive when stained by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase tec...

Hyper-IgM syndrome: a case report.

Hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder. We report a case of a 6-month-old boy who suffered from developmental delays, frequent respiratory tract infection, and unusual fungal and bacterial infection. X-linked hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome was ultimately diagnosed with decreasing immunoglobulin-G, A, and E (immunoglobulin G = 51.3 mg/dL, immunoglobulin A = 8....

Drug treatment of toxoplasmic encephalitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous parasite, which causes several serious diseases. Until the AIDS pandemic, toxoplasmic encephalitis was largely confined to the pharmacologically immune-suppressed and to cases of congenital transmission. T gondii is now one of the more commonly encountered opportunistic pathogens of advanced AIDS.